Preparation,structures, and redox and emission characteristics of the isothiocyanate complexes of hexarhenium(III) clusters [Re6(mu3-E)8(NCS)6]4- (E = S,Se)

Hexarhenium(III) complexes with terminal isothiocyanate ligands, [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N](4)[Re(6)(mu(3)-S)(8)(NCS)(6)] (1) and (L)(4)[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(NCS)(6)] (L(+) = PPN(+) (2a), (n-C(4)H(9))(4)N(+) (2b)), have been prepared by three different methods. Complex 1 was prepared by the reaction of [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N](4)[Re(6)(mu(3)-S)(8)Cl(6)] with molten KSCN at 200 degrees C, while 2b was obtained by refluxing the chlorobenzene-DMF (2:1 v/v) solution of [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(CH(3)CN)(6)](SbF(6))(2) and [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N]SCN. The [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(NCS)(6)](4)(-) anion was also obtained from a mixture of Cs(2)[Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)Br(4)] and KSCN in C(2)H(5)OH by a mechanochemical activation at room temperature for 20 h and isolated as 2a. The X-ray structures of 1 and 2a.4DMF have been determined (1, C(70)H(144)N(10)S(14)Re(6), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14), a = 14.464(7) A, b = 22.059(6) A, c = 16.642(8) A, beta = 113.62(3) degrees, V = 4864(3) A(3), Z = 2; 2a.4DMF, C(162)H(144)N(14)O(4)P(8)S(6)Se(8)Re(6), triclinic, space group P1 (No. 2), a = 15.263(2) A, b = 16.429(2) A, c = 17.111(3) A, alpha = 84.07(1) degrees, beta = 84.95(1) degrees, gamma = 74.21(1) degrees, V = 4098.3(8) A(3), Z = 1). All the NCS(-) ligands in both complexes are coordinated to the metal center via nitrogen site with the Re-N distances in the range of 2.07-2.13 A. The redox potentials of the reversible Re(III)(6)/Re(III)(5)Re(IV) process in acetonitrile are +0.84 and +0.70 V vs. Ag/AgCl for [Re(6)(mu(3)-S)(8)(NCS)(6)](4)(-) and [Re(6)(mu(3)-Se)(8)(NCS)(6)](4)(-), respectively, which are the most positive among the known hexarhenium complexes with six terminal anionic ligands. The complexes show strong red luminescence with the emission maxima (lambda(max)/nm), lifetimes (tau(em)/micros), and quantum yields (phi(em)) being 745 and 715, 10.4 and 11.8, and 0.091 and 0.15 for 1 and 2b, respectively, in acetonitrile. The data reasonably well fit in the energy-gap plots of other hexarhenium(III) complexes. The temperature dependence of the emission spectra and tau(em) of 1 and [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N](4)[Re(6)(mu(3)-S)(8)Cl(6)] are also reported.     

Interaction of organic dyes and proteins-determination of the binding constants spectrophotometrically

Summary The spectral change of a small molecule (S) induced by addition of a large molecule (P) was examined theoretically and experimentally, assuming that the interaction betweenS andP follows theLangmuir adsorption isotherm. It was found that intermolecular binding constants could be determined accurately and conveniently by extrapolation to zero of two simple graphic relations, namely, the observed molar extinction coefficient ofS in the presence ofP versus the ratio of (the concentration ofS/the concentration ofP), and of the former versus the reciprocal value of the latter. This spectrophotometric method was applied to the binding of bovine serum albumin and Ponceau3 R and of bovine serum albumin and HABA at p_H 7.0. The results obtained by this method were comparable with those obtained by equilibrium dialysis or by conventional spectrophotometric method.

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Zusammenfassung Unter der Annahme, daß dieLangmuirsche Absorptionsisotherme auch bei der Assoziation hoch-(HMV) und niedermolekularer Verbindungen (NMV) gilt, wurden die Bindungskonstanten bestimmt. Es wurden die spektralen Änderungen in der UV-Absorption der NMV bei Zusatz verschiedener HMV-Mengen gemessen. Die Bindungskonstanten lassen sich durch Kombination zweier graphischer Darstellungen exakt und einfach bestimmen: erstens aus der Beziehung zwischen dem molaren Extinktionskoeffizienten der NMV in Anwesenheit verschiedener HMV-Konzentrationen und dem Konzentrationsverhältnis von NMV zu HMV und zweitens aus dem Zusammenhang der molaren Extinktionskoeffizienten mit den reziproken Werten des oben genannten Konzentrationsverhältnisses. Mit dieser neuen Methode wurden die Bindungskonstanten bei p_h 7.0 von Rinderserumalbumin und Ponceau 3 R bzw. HABA berechnet und mit den durch andere Methoden bestimmten Konstanten verglichen. Die Werte stimmen mit denen aus der Dialysemethode und aus der üblichen spektralphotometrischen Methode überein.

     

Production of highly specific anti-testosterone antiserum by an immunotolerance method

Anti-testosterone antisera were produced by pretreatment of rabbits with 15 alpha-carboxymethyl-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone linked to a copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL) before immunization with the bovine serum albumin conjugate of 15 alpha- and 15 beta-carboxymethyltestosterone. The specificity for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone of the antitestosterone antisera was considerably improved.     

Theoretical prediction of electronic structures of fully pi-conjugated zinc oligoporphyrins with curved surface structures

A theoretical prediction of the electronic structures of fully pi-conjugated zinc oligoporphyrins with curved surface, ring, tube, and ball-shaped structures was conducted as the objective for the future development of triply meso-meso-, beta-beta-, and beta-beta-linked planar zinc oligoporphyrins. The excitation energies and oscillator strengths for the optimal ring and ball structures were calculated using the time-dependent density functional theory (DFT). Although there is an extremely small energy difference of < 0.1 eV between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the ring structure relative to the same-sized triply linked planar one, the Q and B bands of the former are smaller redshifted excitation energies and intensified oscillator strengths than those of the latter due to the structurally shortened effective pi-conjugated lengths for the electron transition. It is expected that the ball structure becomes an excellent electron acceptor and shows the highly redshifted Q' band in the near-IR region relative to the monomer. The minimum value of the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of the infinite-length ring structures was estimated using periodic boundary conditions within the DFT, resulting in the metallic characters of both the tube structures with and without the spiral triply linked porphyrin array. The relation between the diameters and strain energies of the tube and ball structures was also examined. The present fused zinc porphyrins may become more colorful materials with new optelectronic properties including artificial photosynthesis than the carbon nanotubes and fullerenes when the axial coordinations of the central metal of porphyrins are functionally used.     

Mononuclear five-coordinate molybdenum(IV) and -(V) monosulfide complexes coordinated with dithiolene ligands: reversible redox of Mo(V)/Mo(IV) and irreversible dimerization of [MoVS]- cores to a dinuclear [MoV2(mu-S)2]2- Core

A mononuclear five-coordinate molybdenum(IV) monosulfide complex, (Et4N)2[MoS(L)2] (L = cyclohexene-1,2-dithiolate) (1), was obtained and characterized by IR, UV-vis spectroscopic methods, and X-ray crystallography. 1 was oxidized by an equivalent ferrocenium cation to give the corresponding mononuclear molybdenum(V) complex, (Et4N)[MoS(L)2] (2), which was stable for a few minutes under a lower concentration than 0.3 mM and then further dimerized to (Et4N)2[Mo(L)2]2(mu-S)2 (3).     

Isolation and structure determination of a new marine toxin,neosurugatoxin, from the Japanese Ivory Shell, Babylonia japonica.

A new toxin, named neosurugatoxin, was isolated from the toxic Japanese Ivory Shell and its structure was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (+)-totarol, (+)-podototarin, (+)-sempervirol, and (+)-jolkinolides E and D

The enzymatic resolution products [(1R,4aR,8aR)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-oxo-trans-naphthalene-1-methanol-2-ethylene acetal (8aR)-7 (98% ee) and {acetate of (1S,4aS,8aS)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-oxo-trans-naphthalene-1-methanol-2-ethylene acetal} (8aS)-9 (>99% ee)] obtained by the lipase-catalyzed enantioselective acetylation of (±)-7 in the presence of vinyl acetate as an acyl donor were converted to the ,β-unsaturated ketones (8aR)-6 and (8aS)-6, respectively. Concise syntheses of (+)-totarol 1, (+)-podototarin 2 and (+)-sempervirol 3 were achieved based on Michael reactions between (8aS)-6 and the appropriate β-keto ester followed by aldol condensation. The first chiral syntheses of (+)-jolkinolides E 4 and D 5 were achieved from (5R,10R,12R)-12-hydroxypodocarpa-8(14)-en-13-one 15 derived from (8aR)-6.     

Z‐bpy,a New C2‐Symmetric Bipyridine Ligand and Its Application in Enantioselective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Olefins

A rigid C₂‐symmetric chiral bipyridine ligand Z‐bpy with a triptycene‐like backbone was designed and synthesized from simple chemicals in a scalable route. Using this new ligand, copper(I) catalyzed cyclopropanation of styrenes with commercial ethyl diazoacetate produced various corresponding cyclopropanes in high yields, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity up to 97% ee.     

A Convenient Preparation of p-Chloromethyl-Styrene and its Reactions

In the present communication we would like to describe a novel method for the preparation of p-chloromethylstyrene and some reactions of this compound.     

Flexible taper-shaped liquid crystal trimer exhibiting a modulated smectic phase

We prepared some taper-shaped liquid-crystalline trimers in which two phenylpyrimidine units and a 1,4-diphenyl-2,3-difluorobenzene unit are connected to 2,4-dihdroxy benzoic acid via flexible spacers. We then investigated their liquid-crystalline properties using polarised optical microscopy, differential scanning microscopy and X-ray diffraction. 6-[4–(5-Octylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenyloxy]hexyl 2-{7-{4-[4–(4-hexylphenyl)-2,3-difluorophenyl]phenyloxy}heptanoyloxy}-4-{6-[4–(5-octylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenyloxy]hexyloxy}benzoate (1) was found to exhibit a phase sequence of isotropic liquid – nematic – intercalated smectic A – intercalated anticlinic smectic C – modulated smectic C. The structure–property relation in the taper-shaped trimers reveals that the modulated phase is induced by competition between an intercalated structure stabilised by dipole–dipole interaction and a monolayer structure by packing entropy effects. Conformational change of compound 1 induced by intermolecular interactions plays an important role in the phase transition behaviour.